Preheat your oven to 325℉ (165℃) and prepare a square cake pan by greasing it with butter or baking spray and lining it with parchment paper. Set it aside.
Add the flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt to a large mixing bowl and whisk together until combined.
In the bowl of your stand mixer fitted with the whisk attachment, add the sugar and the lemon zest.
Mix well until the lemon zest releases its essential oils and the sugar has the consistency of wet sand.
Add the butter and whisk until light and fluffy.
Add the eggs, oil, vanilla, and buttermilk and mix until homogenous.
Add the dry ingredients and mix together on low speed just until the mixture is smooth. Make sure you don't over mix your batter.
Pour the batter into the prepared baking pan and bake for about 25-30 minutes at 325℉ (165℃). To see if the cake is done, insert a toothpick into the centre. If it comes out clean, the cake is done.
Place the cake pan on a wire rack to cool completely.